What does the term "series arrangement" refer to in PV modules?

The term "series arrangement" in the context of photovoltaic (PV) modules refers to connecting multiple modules or cells in a linear sequence to increase voltage. When PV modules are arranged in series, the voltage of each module is additive, resulting in a higher total voltage output. For instance, if two modules each have a voltage rating of 30 volts, connecting them in series would yield a combined output of 60 volts. This setup is essential for applications requiring higher voltages, allowing the system to efficiently transport electricity over long distances.

In contrast, connecting modules that produce the same current refers to a parallel arrangement, where the current output is additive rather than the voltage. Connecting batteries in parallel also deals with increasing current capacity rather than altering voltage. Lastly, utilizing modules from different manufacturers does not pertain to the arrangement of modules in terms of voltage or current; compatibility with the overall system performance is a separate consideration. Thus, the concept of series arrangement is fundamentally tied to the additive nature of voltage when modules are connected in this way.