What is the primary function of an inverter in a PV system?

The primary function of an inverter in a photovoltaic (PV) system is to convert the direct current (DC) electricity produced by the solar panels into alternating current (AC) electricity. This conversion is essential because most household appliances and the electrical grid operate on AC power. The inverter not only facilitates the compatibility of solar-generated electricity with these systems but also ensures that the generated power can be fed into the grid or used by on-site loads effectively.

In the context of the options provided, the focus is on the role of the inverter in transforming the type of electricity that the solar panels generate, which is foundational to enabling the use of solar energy in everyday applications and contributing to the power supply.

The other options do address functions related to power systems, but they do not accurately describe the inverter’s essential purpose in a PV setup. Backup power capabilities, AC to DC conversion, and temperature regulation are functions related to electrical systems in general but not specific to the primary role of the inverter in a PV system.