What kind of systems require the implementation of an equipment grounding conductor?

The implementation of an equipment grounding conductor is essential for ensuring safety in all AC and DC electrical systems. Grounding conductors are used to provide a path for fault current to flow safely to the ground, reducing the risk of electric shock and fire hazards. This principle applies universally to various types of electrical systems, including both residential and commercial photovoltaic (PV) systems, as well as those with battery storage and other applications.

In the context of the NEC, grounding requirements are established to mitigate the risks associated with electrical faults. All systems, regardless of their scale or application, must be grounded properly to ensure that any unintentional faults are detected, allowing overcurrent protection devices to operate and mitigate potential hazards. This comprehensive approach reinforces safety protocols across all installations, making it crucial that equipment grounding conductors are included in any AC or DC system.